Four steps for a foundation

Explore the reference material by conceptual layer and check structural relationships by comparing two hexagrams. This page provides a reading sequence, not unsourced interpretations of good or bad fortune.

Start with the eight trigrams

Learn the trigrams, natural images, directions and Five Phases before studying upper and lower trigram combinations.

Read in classical order

Read judgments and line texts in the received Upper and Lower Canon order. Distinguish classical texts, commentaries and later exegesis.

Understand casting and text selection

Learn bottom-to-top line order, old yin and old yang changes, and reading conventions for different changing-line counts.

Compare structure and classification

Inspect complementary, inverted and nuclear structures. Use eight palaces, Najia and sourced historical cases to check later traditions.

Compare two hexagrams

Compare only computable structures and verified classifications, without automatic fortune conclusions.